Silver House: Legal

Our Comprehensive Research Approach

At the forefront of innovation in dementia care, cognitive stimulation therapy, and biomarker-based diagnostics, our research is bridging the gaps in understanding that have long persisted in the field. While many institutions focus on specific elements of dementia care—be it beta-amyloid clearance, collaborative care models, or the economic implications of long-term care—we are piecing together the puzzle to create a truly integrated solution.

By combining insights from cutting-edge studies, our own open-label and double-blind trials, and a rigorous examination of global evidence, we aim to redefine how dementia and related conditions are approached. Our research encompasses the latest advances in autophagy, BAT clearance, biomarker innovations, and cognitive stimulation, while also addressing the practical, economic, and ethical considerations for caregivers and healthcare providers.

This endeavor is made possible through a robust network of global research collaborations and partnerships with leading institutions, clinicians, and scientists. Together, we are conducting groundbreaking studies, exchanging data, and exploring new therapeutic frontiers to ensure the solutions we develop are both innovative and deeply rooted in evidence. These studies are not isolated efforts but part of a coordinated, worldwide initiative to transform the way dementia is understood and treated.

Below, you’ll find a detailed breakdown of the topics driving our research. This expansive list highlights the depth and breadth of our investigations, offering a fast reference for collaborators, healthcare professionals, and anyone interested in understanding the scope of what we do

Regular Updates to Reference Lists

The list of references included in this document will be continually updated as new research becomes available. As cognitive health is a rapidly evolving field, we ensure that our references reflect the most current knowledge and practices. This means the list will grow and evolve as new studies are published and reviewed by our team. Patients, healthcare professionals, and researchers should refer to the most recent version of this repository for accurate and up-to-date information.

Contact and Further Information

If you have any questions regarding the research and references used in our services, or if you would like more details about specific studies, please contact us at ops [at] drsilverhouse [dot] com. We are happy to provide more information to ensure you have the resources needed to make informed healthcare decisions.

Here, you will find a comprehensive list of all scientific studies, articles, and sources that support the information and recommendations presented on our website, clinical studies, or in our medical service documentation.

BATWatch™ Testing Protocol

1. Alzheimer’s Research UK (2020s). Found that only 40% of individuals were willing to undergo a lumbar puncture, while 75% preferred brain scans like PET imaging due to misconceptions about the safety and discomfort of CSF testing.

2. Alzheimer’s Association. (2017). Policy Brief. Early Detection and Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Value Case Statement.

3. Anderson, J., et al. (2022). PrecivityAD for Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease. American Family Physician, 105(1).

4. Angioni, D., et al. (2022). Blood Biomarkers from Research Use to Clinical Practice: What Must Be Done? A Report from the EU/US CTAD Task Force. Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, 9(4).

5. Blennow, K. et al. (1990s). CSF Biomarkers: Tau in CSF as a biochemical marker for Alzheimer’s disease.

6. Cai, Y., et al. (2023). Initial levels of β-amyloid and tau deposition have distinct effects on longitudinal tau accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s Research and Therapy, 15(1).

7. Cooley, S. A., et al. (2023). Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 Ratios in Older People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 76(10).

8. Fischer, B., et al. (2023). Plasma Aβ42/40 and cognitive variability are associated with cognitive function in Black Americans: Findings from the AA-FAIM cohort. Alzheimer’s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions, 9(3).

9. Fogelman, I., et al. (2023). Independent study demonstrates amyloid probability score accurately indicates amyloid pathology. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 10(5).

10. Galasko, D. R., et al. (2022). A Blood Test for Alzheimer’s Disease: It’s about Time or Not Ready for Prime Time? Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 90(3).

11. Glenner, G., & Wong, C. (1984). Beta-Amyloid Discovery: Alzheimer’s disease: Initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein.

12. Goedert, M. et al. (1986). Tau Discovery: Tau in neurofibrillary tangles.

13. Hansson, O. et al. (2020). Blood-Based Innovations: Plasma p-tau217 as a diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer’s.

14. Hardy, J., & Selkoe, D. J. (1992). Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis: Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and Alzheimer’s disease.

15. Hu, Y., et al. (2022). Assessment of a Plasma Amyloid Probability Score to Estimate Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography Findings among Adults with Cognitive Impairment. JAMA Network Open, 5(4).

16. Jack, C. R. et al. (2018). Blood-Based Biomarkers: NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer’s disease.

17. Ikanga, J., (2023). Association of plasma biomarkers with cognitive function in persons with dementia and cognitively healthy in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Alzheimer’s and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring, 15(4).

18. Jack, C. R., et al. (2013). Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer’s disease: An updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers. In The Lancet Neurology (Vol. 12, Issue 2).

19. Khan, S. S. et al. (2022). Personalized Medicine: Emerging approaches in Alzheimer’s treatment: Biomarker-based protocols.

20. Kirmess, K. M., et al. (2021). The PrecivityADTM test: Accurate and reliable LC-MS/MS assays for quantifying plasma amyloid beta 40 and 42 and apolipoprotein E proteotype for the assessment of brain amyloidosis. Clinica Chimica Acta, 519.

21. Meyer, M. R., et al. (2024). Clinical validation of the PrecivityAD2 blood test: A mass spectrometry-based test with algorithm combining %p-tau217 and Aβ42/40 ratio to identify presence of brain amyloid. Alzheimer’s and Dementia, 20(5).

22. Molina‐Henry, D. P., et al. (2023). Racial and Ethnic Differences in Plasma Biomarker Eligibility in a Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease Trial. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 19(S24).

23. Monane, M., et al. (2023). A blood biomarker test for brain amyloid impacts the clinical evaluation of cognitive impairment. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 10(10).

24. Rissman, R. A., et al. (2024). Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and phospho-tau217 concentration ratios increase the accuracy of amyloid PET classification in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s and Dementia, 20(2).

25. Schindler, S. E., et al. (2019). High-precision plasma β-amyloid 42/40 predicts current and future brain amyloidosis. Neurology, 93(17).

26. Schindler, S. E., et al. (2022). Effect of Race on Prediction of Brain Amyloidosis by Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, Phosphorylated Tau, and Neurofilament Light. Neurology, 99(3).

27. Sperling, R. A., et al. (2011). Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s and Dementia, 7(3).

28. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2023). Cognitive Screening in Older Adults. USPSTF Recommendation Statement.Verberk, I. M. W., et al. (2022). Characterization of pre-analytical sample handling effects on a panel of Alzheimer’s disease–related blood-based biomarkers: Results from the Standardization of Alzheimer’s Blood Biomarkers (SABB) working group. Alzheimer’s and Dementia, 18(8).

29. Verberk, I. M. W., et al. (2022). Characterization of pre-analytical sample handling effects on a panel of Alzheimer’s disease–related blood-based biomarkers: Results from the Standardization of Alzheimer’s Blood Biomarkers (SABB) working group. Alzheimer’s and Dementia, 18(8).

30. Wang, G., et al. (2018). Simultaneously evaluating the effect of baseline levels and longitudinal changes in disease biomarkers on cognition in dominantly inherited Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions, 4.

31. West, T., et al. (2021). A blood-based diagnostic test incorporating plasma Aβ42/40 ratio, ApoE proteotype, and age accurately identifies brain amyloid status: findings from a multi cohort validity analysis. Molecular Neurodegeneration, 16(1).

32. Zissimopoulos, J., et al. (2015). The value of delaying alzheimer’s disease onset. Forum for Health Economics and Policy, 18(1).

BATWatch™ Treatment Protocol

1. A., et al. (2018). Intranasal rapamycin ameliorates Alzheimer-like cognitive decline in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Translational Neurodegeneration, 7(1).

2. Aman, Y., et al. (2021). Autophagy in healthy aging and disease. In Nature Aging (Vol. 1, Issue 8).

3. An, J. Y., et al. (2017). Rapamycin treatment attenuates age-associated periodontitis in mice. GeroScience, 39(4), 457–463.

4. Bailus, B. J., et al. (2021). Modulating FKBP5/FKBP51 and autophagy lowers HTT (huntingtin) levels. Autophagy, 17(12).

5. Benito-Cuesta, I., et al. (2021). AMPK activation does not enhance autophagy in neurons in contrast to MTORC1 inhibition: different impact on β-amyloid clearance. Autophagy, 17(3).

6. Bitto, A., et al. (2016). Transient rapamycin treatment can increase lifespan and healthspan in middle-aged mice. ELife, 5(AUGUST).

7. Blagosklonny, M. et al. (2012). Prospective treatment of age-related diseases by slowing down aging. In American Journal of Pathology (Vol. 181, Issue 4).

8. Bové et al., Aging Cell (2020). Structural changes in lysosomes from long-term rapamycin.

9. Bové, J., & Martinez-Vicente, M. (2008). Tau clearance through autophagy: Implications of mTOR signaling in Alzheimer’s disease.

10. Caccamo, A., et al. (2010). Molecular interplay between mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), amyloid-β, and Tau: Effects on cognitive impairments. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285(17).

11. Carosi, J. M., et al. (2019). Rapamycin and Alzheimer disease: a double-edged sword? In Autophagy (Vol. 15, Issue 8).

12. Carosi, J. M., et al. (2023). Rapamycin and Alzheimer disease: a hypothesis for the effective use of rapamycin for treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Autophagy, 19(8).

13. Chung, C. L., et al. (2019). Topical rapamycin reduces markers of senescence and aging in human skin: an exploratory, prospective, randomized trial. GeroScience, 41(6).

14. Dai, D. F., et al. (2014). Altered proteome turnover and remodeling by short-term caloric restriction or rapamycin rejuvenate the aging heart. Aging Cell, 13(3), 529–539.

15. Eisai Co., Ltd. (2022). Lecanemab Clinical Trial Results. Eisai Co., Ltd.

16. Aducanumab (Aduhelm): EMERGE Study (2021).

17. Flynn, J. M., et al. (2013). Late-life rapamycin treatment reverses age-related heart dysfunction. Aging Cell, 12(5), 851–862.

18. Hars, E. S., et al. (2007). Autophagy regulates ageing in C. elegans. Autophagy, 3(2).

19. Hebert, M., et al. (2014). Single rapamycin administration induces prolonged downward shift in defended body weight in rats. PLoS ONE, 9(5).

20. Heras-Sandoval, D., et al. (2014). The role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the modulation of autophagy and the clearance of protein aggregates in neurodegeneration. In Cellular Signalling (Vol. 26, Issue 12).

21. Hochfeld, W. E., et al. (2013). Therapeutic induction of autophagy to modulate neurodegenerative disease progression. In Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (Vol. 34, Issue 5).

22. Jia, K., et al. (2004). The TOR pathway interacts with the insulin signaling pathway to regulate C. elegans larval development, metabolism and life span. Development, 131(16), 3897–3906.

23. Johnson, S. C., et al. (2013). MTOR is a key modulator of ageing and age-related disease. In Nature (Vol. 493, Issue 7432, pp. 338–345).

24. Kapahi, P., et al. (2004). Regulation of lifespan in Drosophila by modulation of genes in the TOR signaling pathway. Current Biology, 14(10), 885–890.

25. Klawitter, J., et al. (2015). Everolimus and sirolimus in transplantation-related but different. In Expert Opinion on Drug Safety (Vol. 14, Issue 7).

26. Kraig, E., et al. (2018). A randomized control trial to establish the feasibility and safety of rapamycin treatment in an older human cohort: Immunological, physical performance, and cognitive effects. Experimental Gerontology, 105, 53–69.

27. Krebs, M., et al. (2007). The mammalian target of rapamycin pathway regulates nutrient-sensitive glucose uptake in man. Diabetes, 56(6), 1600–1607.

28. Laplante, M., et al. (2012). MTOR signaling in growth control and disease. In Cell (Vol. 149, Issue 2, pp. 274–293). Elsevier B.V.

29. Lebwohl, D., et al. (2013). Development of everolimus, a novel oral mTOR inhibitor, across a spectrum of diseases. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1291(1), 14–32.

30. Lin, A. L., et al. (2013). Chronic rapamycin restores brain vascular integrity and function through NO synthase activation and improves memory in symptomatic mice modeling Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 33(9).

31. Livingston, G., et al. (2005). Systematic review of psychological approaches to the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. In American Journal of Psychiatry (Vol. 162, Issue 11).

32. Majumder, S., et al. (2011). Inducing autophagy by rapamycin before, but not after, the formation of plaques and tangles ameliorates cognitive deficits. PLoS ONE, 6(9).

33. Mannick, J. B., et al. (2014). mTOR inhibition improves immune function in the elderly. Science Translational Medicine, 6(268), 268ra179.

34. Mannick, J. B., et al. (2018). TORC1 inhibition enhances immune function and reduces infections in the elderly. Science Translational Medicine, 10(449).

35. Martínez-Vicente et al., Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2011). Natural autophagy decline and temporary rapamycin restoration. Restoration vs. decline of autophagy.

36. Martinez-Vicente, M. (2015). Autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases: From pathogenic dysfunction to therapeutic modulation. In Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology (Vol. 40).

37. Martins, W. K., et al. (2021). Autophagy-targeted therapy to modulate age-related diseases: Success, pitfalls, and new directions. In Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery (Vol. 2).

38. Mendelsohn, A. R., et al. (2011). Rapamycin as an antiaging therapeutic?: Targeting mammalian target of rapamycin to treat hutchinson-gilford progeria and neurodegenerative diseases. In Rejuvenation Research (Vol. 14, Issue 4).

39. Miller, R. A., et al. (2011). Rapamycin, but not resveratrol or simvastatin, extends life span of genetically heterogeneous mice. Journals of Gerontology – Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 66 A(2), 191–201.

40. Ngandu, T., et al. (2015). A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): A randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 385(9984).

41. Oddo, S. (2012). The role of mTOR signaling in Alzheimer disease. Frontiers in Bioscience – Scholar, 4 S(3).

42. Perez, S. E., et al. (2015). Hippocampal endosomal, lysosomal, and autophagic dysregulation in mild cognitive impairment: Correlation with Aβ and tau pathology. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 74(4).

43. Presseau, J., et al. (2009). Multiple goals and time constraints: Perceived impact on physicians’ performance of evidence-based behaviours. Implementation Science, 4(1).

44. Rangaraju, S., et al. (2016). Mood, stress and longevity: Convergence on ANK3. Molecular Psychiatry, 21(8).

45. Rubinsztein, D. C., et al. (2011). Autophagy and aging. In Cell (Vol. 146, Issue 5).

46. Rummel, N. G., et al. (2022). Altered Metabolism in Alzheimer Disease Brain: Role of Oxidative Stress. In Antioxidants and Redox Signaling (Vol. 36, Issues 16–18).

47. Silva, M. C., et al. (2020). Prolonged tau clearance and stress vulnerability rescue by pharmacological activation of autophagy in tauopathy neurons. Nature Communications, 11(1).

48. Siman, R., et al. (2015). The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin mitigates perforant pathway neurodegeneration and synapse loss in a mouse model of early-stage Alzheimer-type tauopathy. PLoS ONE, 10(11).

49. Singh, M., et al. (2016). Effect of Low-Dose Rapamycin on Senescence Markers and Physical Functioning in Older Adults with Coronary Artery Disease: Results of a Pilot Study. The Journal of Frailty & Aging, 5(4).

50. Singh et al., Rejuvenation Research (2019). Intermittent rapamycin restores autophagy in aging.

51. Spilman, P., et al. (2010). Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin abolishes cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid-β levels in a mouse model of alzheimer’s disease. PLoS ONE, 5(4).

52. Tabibzadeh, S. (2023). Role of autophagy in aging: The good, the bad, and the ugly. In Aging Cell (Vol. 22, Issue 1).

53. Tang, Z., et al. (2013). Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) mediates tau protein dyshomeostasis: Implication for Alzheimer disease. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288(22).

54. Tian, F. F., et al. (2010). In vivo imaging of autophagy in a mouse stroke model. Autophagy, 6(8).

55. Tramutola, A., et al. (2018). Intranasal rapamycin ameliorates Alzheimer-like cognitive decline in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Translational Neurodegeneration, 7(1).

56. Urfer, S. R., et al. (2017). A randomized controlled trial to establish effects of short-term rapamycin treatment in 24 middle-aged companion dogs. GeroScience, 39(2).

57. Weichhart, T. (2018). MTOR as Regulator of Lifespan, Aging, and Cellular Senescence: A Mini-Review. In Gerontology (Vol. 64, Issue 2).

58. World Health Organization. (2023). Global Report on Alzheimer’s Disease Forecast for 2050. Geneva: World Health Organization.

59. Wu, J. J., et al. (2013). Increased mammalian lifespan and a segmental and tissue-specific slowing of aging after genetic reduction of mTOR expression. Cell Reports, 4(5), 913–920.

60. Xue, Q. L., et al. (2016). Rapamycin increases grip strength and attenuates age-related decline in maximal running distance in old low capacity runner rats. Aging, 8(4), 769–776.

61. Yan et al., Journal of Biochemical Pharmacology (2013). Gradual tau and Aβ re-accumulation.

62. Yoshii, S. R., et al. (2017). Monitoring and measuring autophagy. In International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Vol. 18, Issue 9).

63. Zhang, L., et al. (2017). Evaluating the effectiveness of GTM-1, rapamycin, and carbamazepine on autophagy and Alzheimer disease. Medical Science Monitor, 23.

64. Zhang, Y., et al. (2014). Rapamycin extends life and health in C57BL/6 mice. Journals of Gerontology – Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69 A(2), 119–130.

MemoryWatch™ Treatment Protocol

1. Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI) (2021) World Alzheimer Report 2021 ‘

2. Alzheimer’s Association (2018) Dementia Care Practice Recommendations.

3. Alzheimer’s Association (2023). Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures.

4. Allward, C., et al. (2020). Mental wellbeing in people with dementia following Cognitive Stimulation Therapy: Innovative practice. Dementia, 19(2).

5. Bernstein Sideman, A., et al. (2021). Practices, challenges, and opportunities when addressing the palliative care needs of people living with dementia: Specialty memory care provider perspectives. Alzheimer’s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions, 7(1).

6. Bhowmik, S., et al. (2023). A Single Blind Randomized Control Trial on the Effectiveness of Adjunct Cognitive Stimulation Therapy on Cognitive Outcomes in Dementia. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 26(3).

7. Birkeland, R. W., et al. (2022). Exploring Memory Care Clinics in Minnesota: A Qualitative Analysis. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 35(4).

8. Brent, R. J. (2022). Life expectancy in nursing homes. Applied Economics, 54(16).

9. Breuer, B., et al. (1998). Assessing life expectancies of older nursing home residents. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 46(8).

10. Cao, Y., et al. (2023). Effects of cognitive stimulation therapy on patients with dementia: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. In Experimental Gerontology (Vol. 177).

11. Carbone, E., et al. (2022). The Role of Individual Characteristics in Predicting Short- and Long-Term Cognitive and Psychological Benefits of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for Mild-to-Moderate Dementia. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 13.

12. Chalkioti, M., et al. (2023). A Mobile Application for Supporting and Monitoring Elderly Population to Perform the Interventions of the FINGER Study. In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (Vol. 1424).

13. Chen, J., et al. (2019). Different durations of cognitive stimulation therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In Clinical Interventions in Aging (Vol. 14).

14. Chen, X., et al. (2023). Development and validation of a nursing home mortality index to identify nursing home residents nearing the end of life in dental clinics. Special Care in Dentistry, 43(2).

15. Cornell, P. Y., et al. (2022). Memory care reduces nursing home admissions among assisted-living residents with dementia. Alzheimer’s and Dementia, 18(10).

16. D’Amico, F., et al. (2015). Maintenance Cognitive Stimulation Therapy: An Economic Evaluation Within a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 16(1).

17. Duarte, N., et al. (2023). Evaluation of a Dementia Training Course for Staff of a Center of Dementia Care. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 52(4).

18. Gibbor, L., et al. (2021). Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) for dementia: a systematic review of qualitative research. In Aging and Mental Health (Vol. 25, Issue 6).

19. Guterman, E. L et al. (2023). Care Ecosystem Collaborative Model and Health Care Costs in Medicare Beneficiaries with Dementia: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Internal Medicine, 183(11).

20. Hannan, A. J. (2014). Review: Environmental enrichment and brain repair: Harnessing the therapeutic effects of cognitive stimulation and physical activity to enhance experience-dependent plasticity. In Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology (Vol. 40, Issue 1).

21. Harwood, R. H., et al. (2018). A staff training intervention to improve communication between people living with dementia and health-care professionals in hospital: the VOICE mixed-methods development and evaluation study. Health Services and Delivery Research, 6(41).

22. Heintz, H., et al. (2020). Emerging Collaborative Care Models for Dementia Care in the Primary Care Setting: A Narrative Review. In American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (Vol. 28, Issue 3).

23. Hirschman, K. B., et al. (2018). Evidence-Based Interventions for Transitions in Care for Individuals Living with Dementia. In Gerontologist (Vol. 58).

24. Hung, Y. H., et al. (2023). Case Management-based Collaborative Care Model Associated with improvement in neuropsychiatric outcomes in community-dwelling people living with dementia. BMC Geriatrics, 23(1).

25. Jonker, M. F., et al. (2013). The impact of nursing homes on small-area life expectancies. Health and Place, 19(1).

26. Lam, J., et al. (2021). Memory care approaches to better leverage capacity of dementia specialists: A narrative synthesis. In Neurodegenerative Disease Management (Vol. 11, Issue 3).

27. Knapp, M., et al. (2006). Cognitive stimulation therapy for people with dementia: Cost-effectiveness analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188(JUNE).

28. Lazar, A., et al. (2016). Evaluation of a multifunctional technology system in a memory care unit: Opportunities for innovation in dementia care. Informatics for Health and Social Care, 41(4).

29. Leroi, I., et al. (2019). Parkinson’s-adapted cognitive stimulation therapy: a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, 12.

30. Livingston, G., et al. (2005). Systematic review of psychological approaches to the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. In American Journal of Psychiatry (Vol. 162, Issue 11).

31. Lobbia, A., et al. (2019). The Efficacy of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) for People with Mild-to-Moderate Dementia: A Review. In European Psychologist (Vol. 24, Issue 3).

32. McGrath, R., et al. (2021). Self-Reported Dementia-Related Diagnosis Underestimates the Prevalence of Older Americans Living with Possible Dementia. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 82(1).

33. Meguro, K., et al. (2014). Donepezil and life expectancy in Alzheimer’s disease: A retrospective analysis in the Tajiri Project. BMC Neurology, 14(1).

34. Moghadam, N. K., et al. (2018). Efficiency of cognitive-existential group therapy on life expectancy and depression of elderly residing in nursing homes. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 13(1).

35. Montero-Odasso, M., et al. (2018). SYNERGIC TRIAL (SYNchronizing Exercises, Remedies in Gait and Cognition) a multi-Centre randomized controlled double blind trial to improve gait and cognition in mild cognitive impairment. BMC Geriatrics, 18(1).

36. Morrissey, M. (2021). Strengthening the Dementia Care Workforce: A Public Health Priority. APHA 2021 Annual Meeting and Expo.

37. National Institute of Mental Health (2021) National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Report

38. Orrell, M., et al. (2014). Maintenance cognitive stimulation therapy for dementia: Single-blind, multicentre, pragmatic randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 204(6).

39. Pastor-Barriuso, R., et al. (2020). Social engagement within the facility increased life expectancy in nursing home residents: a follow-up study. BMC Geriatrics, 20(1).

40. Platen, M., et al. (2022). Translation of Collaborative Dementia Care Management into Different Healthcare Settings: Study Protocol for a Multicenter Implementation Trial (DCM:IMPact). Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease Reports, 6(1).

41. Press, M. J., et al. (2017). Medicare Payment for Behavioral Health Integration. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(5). Rai, H., Yates, L., & Orrell, M. (2018). Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for Dementia. In Clinics in Geriatric Medicine (Vol. 34, Issue 4).

42. Reed, N. S., et al. (2024). Recruitment and baseline data of the Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders (ACHIEVE) study: A randomized trial of a hearing loss intervention for reducing cognitive decline. Alzheimer’s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions, 10(1).

43. Roberts, E. (2023). A Conversation About the Ethics of Past and Future Memory Care Models: Perspectives from the First Two European Dementia Villages. Inquiry (United States), 60.

44. Rosa, T. D., et al.(2019). Variations in Costs of a Collaborative Care Model for Dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(12).

45. Rowe, J. W. (2018). Barriers to Implementation of Geriatric Medicine Programs: When Advocacy Meets Reality. In Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Vol. 66, Issue 7).

46. Saragih, I. D et al. (2022). Effects of cognitive stimulation therapy for people with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 128.

47. Senior Living Innovation Forum (2019) Addressing Behavioral Health in Senior Housing

48. Soedirman, B. S., & Laksmidewi, A. A. A. P. (2021). Benefit of cognitive stimulation therapy in a patient with vascular dementia: A case report. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(C).

49. Spector, A et al. (2010). Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST): Effects on different areas of cognitive function for people with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(12).

50. Spector, A., et al. (2003). Efficacy of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation therapy programme for people with dementia: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 183(SEPT.).

51. Stewart, D. B., et al. (2017). Making a Difference: A Study of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for Persons with Dementia. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 60(4).

52. Verghese, J., et al.(2024). Non-literacy biased, culturally fair cognitive detection tool in primary care patients with cognitive concerns: a randomized controlled trial. Nat Med

53. Wallace, J. B., et al. (2006a). Two Methods for Predicting Limited Life Expectancy in Nursing Homes. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 38(2).

54. Wimo, A. et al. (2013). The societal costs of dementia: Prevention strategies could reduce burden.

55. Woods, B., et al. (2012). Cognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

56. World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017 – 2025

57. Yuill, N., et al. (2011). A systematic review of cognitive stimulation therapy for older adults with mild to moderate dementia: An occupational therapy perspective. Occupational Therapy International, 18(4).